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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-015 Testing for Vector Borne Infections

Arthropod vectors, including mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, and mites, that feed on vertebrate hosts can spread bacteria, protozoa, and viruses during feeding to their susceptible host, resulting in a variety of infections and diseases.

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-064 Immunopharmacologic Monitoring of Therapeutic Serum Antibodies

To manage loss of response due to the development of anti-drug antibodies, immunopharmacologic monitoring of circulating drug and anti-drug antibody levels has been proposed. The presence of anti-drug antibodies may promote adverse effects and diminish drug efficacy (Bendtzen, 2024; Tighe & McNamara, 2017).

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-061 Serum Biomarker Testing for Multiple Sclerosis and Related Neurological Diseases

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and is defined by multifocal areas of demyelination with loss of oligodendrocytes and astroglial scarring.

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-058 Laboratory Testing for the Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a class of inflammatory bowel disorders comprised of two major disorders: ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease each with distinct pathologic and clinical characteristics (Peppercorn & Cheifetz, 2024).

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-057 Serum Testing for Hepatic Fibrosis in the Evaluation and Monitoring of Chronic Liver Disease

Chronic liver disease (CLD) refers to a wide range of liver pathologies that include inflammation (chronic hepatitis), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-056 Gamma-glutamyl Transferase

Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), also known as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) (Singh et al., 2006; Vroon & Israili, 1990), is an enzyme that has a half-life of between fourteen and twenty-six days and is present in the cell membrane of many different tissue types, including the heart, brain, seminal vesicles, kidneys, bile duct, spleen, and gallbladder (Dillon & Miller, 2016; Dixit & Singh, 2015).

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-054 Fecal Calprotectin Testing in Adults

Calprotectin is a small calcium-binding protein found in high concentration in the cytosol of neutrophils (Fagerhol et al., 1980) and to a lesser extent monocytes and macrophages (Hsu et al., 2009).

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-053 Fecal Analysis in the Diagnosis of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Fecal Microbiota Transplant Testing

Intestinal dysbiosis is defined as a disruption or imbalance of the intestinal microbial ecology (Guinane & Cotter, 2013).

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-051 Celiac Disease Testing

Celiac disease is a hereditary, chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley. When an individual with celiac disease ingests gluten, the body mounts an immune response that attacks the small intestine.

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-049 Metabolite Markers of Thiopurines Testing

Thiopurines are a class of purine antimetabolite immunomodulators with diverse clinical applications in treatment of autoimmune disorders, transplant rejection, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Belmont, 2024).

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-048 Testing for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disease that causes deficient or defective production of the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protease inhibitor that can affect the lungs, liver, and skin (Stoller, 2024).

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Compliance, Regulatory & Policies - Policy, Billing, or Coverage Update - 2025
Reimbursement Policy: PO-RE-046 Nerve Fiber Density Testing

Nerve fiber density testing involves analysis of skin biopsy stained with an antibody to antiprotein gene product 9.5 (Wilkinson et al., 1989) which avidly stains all axons (Dalsgaard et al., 1989).

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